Reader Survey Results

There are nearly 500 complete responses to the survey from last week. Here’s a CSV file of the results. Below the fold are the frequencies as well as N’s. I might report some trends in the data, but a lot of it is predictable. People who only read ScienceBlogs GNXP are way more liberal than those who do not.

Reads…. Only GNXP ScienceBlogs Only GNXP Classic Both
No Answer 1.83 2.08 2.87
Far Left 13.76 4.17 2.87
Left 28.44 5.56 11.48
Center Left 16.51 10.42 15.31
Center 8.26 6.94 11.00
Center Right 2.75 10.42 11.00
Right 1.83 13.19 10.05
Far Right 0.92 9.03 5.74
Libertarian 20.18 31.94 19.62
Other 5.50 6.25 10.05

Full results below the fold.

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GNXP Survey Results

There are nearly 500 complete responses to the survey from last week. Here’s a CSV file of the results. Below the fold are the frequencies as well as N’s. I might report some trends in the data, but a lot of it is predictable. People who only read ScienceBlogs GNXP are way more liberal than those who do not.

Reads…. Only GNXP ScienceBlogs Only GNXP Classic Both
No Answer 1.83 2.08 2.87
Far Left 13.76 4.17 2.87
Left 28.44 5.56 11.48
Center Left 16.51 10.42 15.31
Center 8.26 6.94 11.00
Center Right 2.75 10.42 11.00
Right 1.83 13.19 10.05
Far Right 0.92 9.03 5.74
Libertarian 20.18 31.94 19.62
Other 5.50 6.25 10.05

Full results below the fold.

Which weblogs do you read?
Answer Count Percentage
No answer 26 5.25%
GNXP Scienceblogs 109 22.02%
GNXP Classic 147 29.70%
Both 213 43.03%
How long have you been reading this/these weblogs(s)?
Answer Count Percentage
No answer 16 3.23%
Less than 1 month 12 2.42%
1-6 months 62 12.53%
6-12 months 83 16.77%
1-2 years 150 30.30%
3-4 years 107 21.62%
5+ years 65 13.13%
Sex
Answer Count Percentage
No answer 8 1.62%
Male 434 87.68%
Female 53 10.71%
What are your politics?
Answer Count Percentage
No answer 18 3.64%
Far Left 28 5.66%
Left 66 13.33%
Left of Center 68 13.74%
Center 44 8.89%
Right of Center 46 9.29%
Right 46 9.29%
Far Right 26 5.25%
Libertarian 114 23.03%
Other 39 7.88%
Confidence in Existence of God
Answer Count Percentage
No answer 18 3.64%
Does Not Exist 209 42.22%
Skeptical of Existence 116 23.43%
Doubtful of Existence 28 5.66%
Believe Existence Possible 47 9.49%
Believe Existence Probable 24 4.85%
Know God Exists 30 6.06%
No Opinion 23 4.65%
Religious Orientation
Answer Count Percentage
No answer 12 2.42%
Not Religious 332 67.07%
Christian 93 18.79%
Jewish 18 3.64%
Muslim 9 1.82%
Hindu 9 1.82%
Buddhist 4 0.81%
Other Beliefs 18 3.64%
Where Do You Live?
Answer Count Percentage
No answer 8 1.62%
USA & Canada 354 71.52%
Latin America 6 1.21%
Caribbean 0 0
Oceania (Australia, NZ + Pacific) 17 3.43%
Southeast Asia (i.e., ASEAN) 2 0.40%
East Asia 12 2.42%
South Asia 2 0.40%
Middle East + North Africa 3 0.61%
Sub-Saharan Africa 1 0.20%
Western Europe 84 16.97%
Eastern Europe 5 1.01%
Russia + CIS 1 0.20%
Racial Identity
Answer Count Percentage
No answer 12 2.42%
White/European 413 83.43%
Black/African 3 0.61%
East Asian 14 2.83%
South Asian 28 5.66%
Middle Eastern/North African 2 0.40%
Southeast Asian 4 0.81%
Mixed (Mestizo, multiracial, etc.) 19 3.84%
Amerindian 0 0
Highest Educational Level Attained
Answer Count Percentage
No answer 11 2.22%
Less Than Secondary 5 1.01%
Secondary 12 2.42%
Some Post-Secondary 43 8.69%
University 187 37.78%
Graduate 237 47.88%
Socioeconomic Status
Answer Count Percentage
No answer 20 4.04%
Lower Class 20 4.04%
Lower Middle Class 69 13.94%
Middle Class 214 43.23%
Upper Middle Class 158 31.92%
Upper Class 14 2.83%
Age
Answer Count Percentage
No answer 6 1.21%
Younger than 18 4 0.81%
18-25 99 20.00%
26-35 155 31.31%
36-45 90 18.18%
46-65 124 25.05%
65+ 17 3.43%
Highest Level of Math Completed
Answer Count Percentage
No answer 27 5.45%
Pre-Algebra 4 0.81%
Algebra 9 1.82%
Geometry 11 2.22%
Algebra II 26 5.25%
Pre-Calculus 36 7.27%
Calculus 103 20.81%
Differential Equations 49 9.90%
Linear Algebra 46 9.29%
Multivariable Calculus 56 11.31%
Higher than Multivariable Calculus 83 16.77%
Have Math Degree 45 9.09%
Opinions On The Singularity
Answer Count Percentage
No answer 141 28.48%
Will Happen 32 6.46%
Might Happen 169 34.14%
Unlikely 131 26.46%
Impossible 22 4.44%
How Many Children Do You Have?
Answer Count Percentage
No answer 7 1.41%
0 316 63.84%
1 61 12.32%
2 65 13.13%
3 32 6.46%
4 9 1.82%
5 3 0.61%
6 1 0.20%
7 0 0
8 0 0
9 0 0
10 0 0
Lots 1 0.20%
How Did You Find This Weblog?
Answer Count Percentage
No answer 42 8.48%
Google 58 11.72%
Other Search Engine 1 0.20%
Instapundit 9 1.82%
Steve Sailer 83 16.77%
Scienceblogs 82 16.57%
Andrew Sullivan 7 1.41%
Message Board 6 1.21%
Word Of Mouth 19 3.84%
Email 0 0
Blogroll 20 4.04%
Pointer From Another Weblog 141 28.48%
Other 27 5.45%

Guess which surnames died out in pre-industrial England?

The surnames of the criminal and the poor, of course. Greg Clark provides new evidence for the “survival of the richest” here (and he thanks Nick Wade for the idea). From the abstract:

[E]vidence from…surnames…again shows the takeover of English society by the economically successful between 1600 and 1851, and the disappearance of the criminal and the poor. A man’s economic success in pre-industrial England predicted a permanent increase of his surname frequency, and hence his gene frequency, by 1851.

Confession: I, for one, had no idea that Elvis was a surname.

Clark’s papers have familiarized economists with the basics of genetics. It seems to be paying off: At the American Economic Association meetings this year, there was a session on brain evolution in the very long run, another on genetics and microeconomic behavior, and a third GNXP-friendly session where Clark presented the above-quoted paper.

The Ontology Of Voltron, not Transformers

Matt Yglesias says:

There’s no denying that this is a pretty amusing poster. Still, it reminds me that I think the film engaged in a bit of revisionism when it portrayed the Autobots as humanoid-shaped robots capable of change into cars and trucks and so forth. My understanding from my childhood is that we should think of them as car-shaped robots capable of changing into humanoid-shaped ones. After all, they’re called autobots, like automobiles. Their essential property is their car-ishness.

No surprise that Matt is being ahistorical, and relying on analysis of terminology, instead of relying on the facts (his background is in philosophy). As it happens, in the cartoon the Transformers are shown as humanoids on Cybertron, with their transformed state being different! In other words, the constant and essential aspect of Transformers was their humanoid, not their mechanical, form. Additionally naive human psychology does not generally attribute theory of mind to machines, but obviously Transformers were active agents.
voltron.jpgMatt’s argument makes sense with Voltron. This was a mechanical entity whose humanoid form was entirely incidental and cosmetic, and the constituent lions were themselves mechanical objects under human control.

Estonians are not like Finns

20081001120400!Baltic_Sea_m.jpgPolish Genetics & Anthropology points out that the Estonian Genetics Project is reporting:

The more than 25,000 blood samples collected already make it possible to conduct various background studies. For example, comparing the genetic data of Estonians with other European nations has revealed that Latvians, Lithuanians, Poles and some Russians are genetically much more similar to Estonians than the Finns with whom Estonians share a similar language.

The genetic maps I post on now and then are real popular (invariably they are the ones that sites like reddit pick up), but the sample sizes aren’t that big. Often “France” means some patients in a study from Bordeaux and Paris. The goal with the Estonian Genetics Project is to collect 100,000 samples. As it is, there are only 1.25 million speakers of Estonian, so if the project is limited to ethnic Estonians we’re talking about ~10% of all Estonians. For most questions on historical-population size scales I doubt that there is any difference in power between a sample size of 100,000 and 1 million, assuming that it is modestly representative.

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Epigenetics and gene structures

Following up on this previous post on epigentics, I thought I’d point to a couple nice examples of using epigenetic information to obtain insight into basic biology.

The first is, I think it’s fair to say, a landmark paper identifying a set of over a thousand likely functional non-coding RNAs in mouse cell lines. The approach used here was epigenetic: the authors generated genome-wide maps of chromatin modifications known to mark promoters and transcribed regions, and screened out all the regions of the genome already known to be transcriptionally active. This left them with a set of putatively functional transcripts, which tended to be highly evolutionarily conserved (indicating function), and many of which they confirmed via other means to be novel long non-coding RNAs.

The second is a nice paper demonstrating that one of the same epigentic marks used above to identify transcribed regions is present, in humans, mice, and nemotodes, preferentially on exons (rather than on the entirety of the transcribed region). As this mark is present only in genes that are being transcribed, the authors conclude that it is placed in conjunction with transcription, and likely in conjunction with splicing. They speculate about the role that this mark could play in gene regulation, but in general, this paper raises many more interesting questions than can currently be answered.

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Evolution was racist

I just got pointed to Confronting Evolution’s Racists Roots via my RSS. This is a common tactic. And it might work for unsophisticated people on the margins. Just like a tract like “Christianity’s racist past” would also sell. Or, “Socialism’s white supremacist heritage.” But intellectually it’s a rather low-brow tactic. The real question is: Is It True? The racism of European intellectuals and the racialist inferences made from evolutionary theory are of historical interest, but not of scientific ones. It isn’t as if a tract with the title “Jesus Christ, Semitic Supremacist,” would disabuse most Christians of the truth of their faith.
This really doesn’t matter except in a meta sense. Many Intelligent Design proponents want to recast their movement as something separate & distinct from the crass lowbrow methods of Young Earth Creationism. John West, who is flogging Darwin’s racism in the article (and has done so elsewhere) is a fellow at the Discovery Institute. Of course it doesn’t surprise me that they’re going this route, but it confirms.